Control structure for a car-like robot using artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms

The idea of improving human’s life quality by making life more comfortable and easy is nowadays possible using current technologies and techniques to solve complex daily problems. The presented idea in this work proposes a control strategy for autonomous robotic systems, specifically car-like robots. The main objective of this work is the development of a reactive navigation controller by means of obstacles avoidance and position control to reach a desired position in an unknown environment. This research goal was achieved by the integration of potential fields and neuroevolution controllers. The neuro-evolutionary controller was designed using the (NEAT) algorithm “Neuroevolution of Augmented Topologies” and trained using a designed training environment. The methodology used allowed the vehicle to reach a certain level of autonomy, obtaining a stable controller that includes kinematic and dynamic considerations. The obtained results showed significant improvements compared to the comparison workCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQNão te

Quantification and prediction of the concentration of different dilutions of Lambda Cyhalothrin through colorimetry and neural networks

The Lambda Cyhalothrin is an insecticide of broad spectrum used in agriculture, to reduce the loss in crops, due to the attack of some pests. This compound has the presence of the radicals chlorine, fluorine and cyano, which can cause serious effects on human health when are ingested. Because of this, exist the need of develop non - destructive methods, capable of determining the concentration of the pesticide in farming, for eradicate the presence of this substance on the fruit used as food. To achieve this, commercial Lambda Cyhalothrin and distilled water were used, to obtain the recommended dilutions for the treatment of various pests in agriculture. The samples were analyzed through colorimetry, obtaining the characteristic color spaces for the pesticide, with a correlation of 0.92 for the parameters "a" and "b", and 0.98 for the parameter "L". The Cab chroma and Hue angle were determined in 9.72 and 275° respectively for the pure compound. in the dilution, the value of Hue angle decreases until 220°. Through neural networks in Matlab, the relationship between the reflection spectrum of the dilutions with the concentration thereof was established. Estimating a prediction in the accuracy higher than 0.98 in the coefficient of determination

Resolviendo un sistema de ecuaciones lineales

En el presente trabajo se observar el desarrollo del pensamiento variacional en estudiantes del grado noveno de educación básica, al intentar resolver situaciones problema que involucran funciones, en el cual se reportan los hallazgos de un trabajo realizado con 109 estudiantes al resolver una situación que involucra un sistema de dos ecuaciones lineales con dos incógnitas. En donde fue notable la dificultad de los estudiantes al representar gráficamente las funciones involucradas, la cual consistió en no ubicar de forma correcta los pares ordenados o coordenadas en sus respectivos ejes notándose que el 47% de los estuantes presento este resultado

Predicción de radiación solar mediante deep belief network

The continued development of computational tools offers the possibility to execute processes with the ability to carry out activities more efficiently, exactness and precision. Between these tools there is the neural architecture, Deep Belief Network (DBN), designed to collaborate in the development of prediction technics to find information that allows to study the behavior of the natural phenomena, such as the solar insolation. This paper presents the obtained results when using the DBN architecture for solar insolation prediction, simulated through the programming tool Visual Studio C#, showing the deep level that this architecture has, how it affects the number of layers and neurons per layer in the training and the results to predict the desired values in 2014, with errors close to 2% and faster to training, respect to errors obtained through conventional methods for neural training, which are about 5% and take long periods of training.El desarrollo continuo de las herramientas computacionales ofrece la posibilidad de realizar procesos con la capacidad de llevar a cabo actividades con mayor eficiencia, exactitud y precisión. Entre estas herramientas se  encuentra la arquitectura neuronal, Deep Belief Network (DBN), diseñada con el propósito de colaborar en el desarrollo de técnicas de predicción para hallar información que permita estudiar el comportamiento de los fenómenos naturales, como lo es la radiación solar. En el presente trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos al manejar la arquitectura DBN para predicción de radiación solar, la cual se simula mediante la herramienta de programación Visual Studio C#, indicando el nivel de profundidad que posee esta arquitectura, como afecta la cantidad de capas y de neuronas en el entrenamiento y los resultados obtenidos para poder predecir los valores deseados en el 2014, con errores cercanos al 2 % y mayor rapidez para el entrenamiento, respecto a errores  obtenidos por métodos convencionales de entrenamiento neuronal, que se encuentran por el 5% y que a su vez llevan largos periodos de entrenamiento

Los canales de YouTube Kids y la prevención digital de violencia infantil en Lima - 2018

Esta investigación está enfocada en analizar si la prevención de violencia infantil es abordada dentro de los contenidos audiovisuales de una de las plataformas digitales más consumidas actualmente por los pequeños, YouTube Kids. Hemos tenido en cuenta que, para nuestro foco central teníamos que saber primero, ¿Qué es la violencia infantil? ¿Cómo es que se manifiesta? ¿Hay aumento de casos en la realidad peruana? ¿Hay prevención en los medios de comunicación en general? Todas estas interrogantes están reflejadas en nuestra exploración y preocupación como comunicadores. A lo largo del proyecto, recolectamos valiosos comentarios y recomendaciones acerca de cómo poder prevenir la violencia hacia los niños en un futuro. Recordemos que, en la actualidad, los niños viven en un mundo digital con contenido variado y atractivo para ellos. El objetivo de esta investigación es saber si realmente existe un espacio en YouTube Kids que aporte a sus usuarios conocimiento y una guía de prevención sobre la violencia infantil. Por eso, plasmamos en estas páginas toda la información encontrada y extraída a raíz de la observación realizada y recibida por parte de los entrevistados. Con la idea de mejorar el bienestar de niños y niñas de nuestro país, elaboramos pautas a considerar en esta investigación, que está a disposición de colegas interesados en la creación de próximos contenidos audiovisuales sobre la prevención de violencia infantil en plataformas digitales como YouTube Kids.Trabajo de suficiencia profesionalCampus Lima Centr

Revisión de las Tecnologías y Aplicaciones del Habla Sub-vocal

This paper presents a review of the main applicative and methodological approaches that have been developed in recent years for sub-vocal speech or silent language. The sub-vocal speech can be defined as the identification and characterization of bioelectric signals that control the vocal tract, when is not produced sound production by the caller. The first section makes a deep review of methods for detecting silent language. In the second part are evaluated the technologies implemented in recent years, followed by a review of the main applications of this type of speech and finally present a broad comparison between jobs that have been developed in industry and academic applications.Este trabajo presenta una revisión de estado de las principales temáticas aplicativas y metodológicas del habla sub-vocal que se han venido desarrollando en los últimos años. La primera sección hace una honda revisión de los métodos de detección del lenguaje silencioso. En la segunda parte se evalúan las tecnologías implementadas en los últimos años, seguido de un análisis en las principales aplicaciones de este tipo de lenguaje y finalmente presentado una amplia comparación entre los trabajos que se han hecho en industria y academia utilizando este tipo de desarrollos

Quadricuspid aortic valve: intraoperative echocardiographic approach

La válvula aórtica cuadricúspide se considera una malformación cardíaca rara, así como una etiología exótica de insuficiencia aórtica. La detección de esta anomalía cardíaca se puede realizar mediante ecocardiografía transtorácica y/o transesofágica, destacando así la importancia de estas modalidades de imagen, así como su utilidad en la toma de decisiones clínicas perioperatorias. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 70 años con insuficiencia aórtica severa, que fue remitido a nuestra institución para reemplazo valvular aórtico, en el que se documentó intraoperatoriamente una válvula aórtica cuadricúspide. Por ello creemos valioso compartir este caso, presentar imágenes ecocardiográficas intraoperatorias y revisar la literatura pertinente sobre este tema.The quadricuspid aortic valve is considered a rare cardiac malformation, as well as an exotic aetiology of aortic regurgitation. The detection of this cardiac anomaly can be done via transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography, thus highlighting the importance of these imaging modalities, as well as its utility in perioperative clinical decision making. We present the case of a 70-year-old patient with severe aortic regurgitation, who was referred to our institution for aortic valve replacement, in whom a quadricuspid aortic valve was documented intraoperatively. Therefore, we believe it is valuable to share this case, present intraoperative echocardiographic images, and review the pertinent literature on this subject

Lectura de contexto y abordaje psicosocial desde los enfoques narrativos. Bento Gonçalves, Bucaramanga, Arauca y Medellín.

Para este momento se analiza y se reflexiona abordajes de contextos desde los enfoques narrativos, mediante relatos de víctimas del conflicto armado, en donde cada uno narra la situación y secuelas emocionales, sociales, físicas y económicas que ha dejado la violencia involucrándolo en una guerra que vive Colombia, donde se enfrentan al perdón y la búsqueda de justica, buscando una identidad que los acerque a sus proyectos de vida, al progreso y a la restitución de sus derechos e integridad. En el análisis de cada relato de vida se abordan eventos psicosociales traumáticos, que se han generado a partir de los hechos durante y después de las tragedias vividas, donde son las víctimas que en muchos de los casos deben de mitigar estos sentimientos por sus mismos, ya que el acompañamiento y la intervención con diferentes acciones, son escasas, por falta de interés de la población indirecta a estos hechos, por el estado, y por el abandono en el que son sometidos nuevamente. Las propuestas de acompañamiento psicosocial deben de estar sujetas a diferentes herramientas de acción participativa, grupos focales, y estrategias que logren intervenir en su totalidad las diferentes traumas que están sujetas las víctimas, y que ataña la construcción de una subjetividad negativa, donde la construcción de la memoria pueda ser generadora de más violencia o sentimientos de dolor, odio y venganza.For this moment, approaches of contexts are analyzed and reflected from the narrative approaches, through stories of victims of the armed conflict, where each narrates the situation and emotional, social, physical and economic consequences that the violence has left involving it in a war that lives Colombia, where they face forgiveness and the search for justice, seeking an identity that brings them closer to their life projects, to progress and to the restitution of their rights and integrity. In the analysis of each life story traumatic psychosocial events are addressed, which have been generated from the facts during and after the tragedies experienced, where the victims are in many cases to mitigate these feelings for themselves, since the accompaniment and the intervention with different actions are scarce, due to the lack of interest of the indirect population to these facts, for the state, and for the abandonment in which they are submitted again. The psychosocial accompaniment proposals must be subject to different tools of participative action, focus groups, and strategies that manage to intervene in their entirety the different traumas that the victims are subject to, and that involve the construction of a negative subjectivity, where the construction of the memory can generate more violence or feelings of pain, hatred and revenge

Effects of intubation timing in patients with COVID-19 throughout the four waves of the pandemic : a matched analysis

The primary aim of our study was to investigate the association between intubation timing and hospital mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. We also analysed both the impact of such timing throughout the first four pandemic waves and the influence of prior non-invasive respiratory support on outcomes. This is a secondary analysis of a multicentre, observational and prospective cohort study that included all consecutive patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation due to COVID-19 from across 58 Spanish intensive care units (ICU) participating in the CIBERESUCICOVID project. The study period was between 29 February 2020 and 31 August 2021. Early intubation was defined as that occurring within the first 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Propensity score (PS) matching was used to achieve balance across baseline variables between the early intubation cohort and those patients who were intubated after the first 24 h of ICU admission. Differences in outcomes between early and delayed intubation were also assessed. We performed sensitivity analyses to consider a different timepoint (48 h from ICU admission) for early and delayed intubation. Of the 2725 patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation, a total of 614 matched patients were included in the analysis (307 for each group). In the unmatched population, there were no differences in mortality between the early and delayed groups. After PS matching, patients with delayed intubation presented higher hospital mortality (27.3% versus 37.1%, p =0.01), ICU mortality (25.7% versus 36.1%, p=0.007) and 90-day mortality (30.9% versus 40.2%, p=0.02) when compared to the early intubation group. Very similar findings were observed when we used a 48-hour timepoint for early or delayed intubation. The use of early intubation decreased after the first wave of the pandemic (72%, 49%, 46% and 45% in the first, second, third and fourth wave, respectively; first versus second, third and fourth waves p<0.001). In both the main and sensitivity analyses, hospital mortality was lower in patients receiving high-flow nasal cannula (n=294) who were intubated earlier. The subgroup of patients undergoing NIV (n=214) before intubation showed higher mortality when delayed intubation was set as that occurring after 48 h from ICU admission, but not when after 24 h. In patients with COVID-19 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, delayed intubation was associated with a higher risk of hospital mortality. The use of early intubation significantly decreased throughout the course of the pandemic. Benefits of such an approach occurred more notably in patients who had received high-flow nasal cannul

Prognostic implications of comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A multicenter, observational study

Background The clinical heterogeneity of COVID-19 suggests the existence of different phenotypes with prognostic implications. We aimed to analyze comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients and assess their impact on in-hospital outcomes, response to treatment and sequelae. Methods Multicenter prospective/retrospective observational study in intensive care units of 55 Spanish hospitals. 5866 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients had comorbidities recorded at hospital admission; clinical and biological parameters, in-hospital procedures and complications throughout the stay; and, clinical complications, persistent symptoms and sequelae at 3 and 6 months. Findings Latent class analysis identified 3 phenotypes using training and test subcohorts: low-morbidity (n=3385; 58%), younger and with few comorbidities; high-morbidity (n=2074; 35%), with high comorbid burden; and renal-morbidity (n=407; 7%), with chronic kidney disease (CKD), high comorbidity burden and the worst oxygenation profile. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity had more in-hospital complications and higher mortality risk than low-morbidity (adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.57 (1.34-1.84) and 1.16 (1.05-1.28), respectively). Corticosteroids, but not tocilizumab, were associated with lower mortality risk (HR (95% CI) 0.76 (0.63-0.93)), especially in renal-morbidity and high-morbidity. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity showed the worst lung function throughout the follow-up, with renal-morbidity having the highest risk of infectious complications (6%), emergency visits (29%) or hospital readmissions (14%) at 6 months (p<0.01). Interpretation Comorbidity-based phenotypes were identified and associated with different expression of in-hospital complications, mortality, treatment response, and sequelae, with CKD playing a major role. This could help clinicians in day-to-day decision making including the management of post-discharge COVID-19 sequelae. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd